Cultural Debate in the 21st Century on Declining Multiculturalism in Europe

Abstract

This article examines the evolving dynamics of cultural cohesion and conflict within the context of three intersecting theoretical frameworks: the decline of multiculturalism, the resurgence of asabiyyah, and the predicted clashes of civilizations. In recent years, multicultural policies, which aim to promote universal harmonious coexistence among diverse ethnic, religious, and cultural groups, have faced significant challenges. These challenges have sparked a debate over whether such policies have inadvertently assisted deeper divisions rather than integration, leading to a perceived collapse in their efficacy. This article intends to explore how the revival of strong group identities and the tensions intensified by struggling multicultural policies might steer the global community toward Huntington’s predicted clashes among the civilizations. Through an analysis of recent international events, sociological theory, and demographic trends, it is an attempt to provide an understanding of how current global conflicts and cultural policies might be realigning to fit Huntington’s and Khaldun’s visions, offering insights into potential pathways toward mitigating these deep-seated conflicts and boosting a more cohesive global society.