Plagiarism Policy

• Journal of European Studies uses Turnitin for all research papers submitted to identify direct possible plagiarism. If the similarity is more than 19%, the paper would be returned to the author(s) immediately.
• If any fraudulent or other unethical practices are detected after publishing the paper, Editorial Board has the authority to retract the paper from the e-version of the Journal, as HEC’s plagiarism policy https://www.hec.gov.pk//english/policies/Pages/Plagiarism.aspx. 
• All authors are responsible for their research content/ideas individually and collectively.
• Verbatim and paraphrasing are not appropriate, however, authors find it relevant to construct an argument on analysis. He / She must comply to properly cite the exact reference of the source.