European Eco-consciousness and Eco-anxiety in the Context of Marx’s False-consciousness as Reflected in Literary Fiction

Abstract

This paper explores the behavioural and social dimensions of false consciousness and climate anxiety in European contexts. Building on Marxist theory of false consciousness, it examines how dominant ideologist and capitalist structures foster denial and dismissiveness toward climate change, thus delaying or preventing necessary action to address it. As the realities of climate crisis become harder to ignore, individuals and societies experience climate anxiety characterized by a sense of helplessness and dread. Recent studies by Panu Pihkala on the concept of climate anxiety help us understand how false consciousness can prevent climate awareness but also exacerbate climate anxiety once it breaks down. By analyzing literary representations in The Overstory and The Ministry for the Future along with European policy responses, this study sheds light on the environmental distress caused by breaking down of the false consciousness and awakening to the reality of climate change. This interdisciplinary study unpacks the behavioural impact of climate awareness in the society and also highlights the need to address the root causes of climate change denial to foster a more proactive response to environmental concerns in European policymaking.